Psychosomatics 40:193-204, June 1999
© 1999 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medine
The Delirium Rating Scale
Its Use In Consultation-Liaison Research
Paula T. Trzepacz , M.D.
Received August 26, 1998; revised November 24, 1998; accepted December 4, 1998. From the University of Mississippi Medical School, Jackson, Mississippi. Previously published in similar form in Japanese in Neuro-Psychiatric Review, Vol. 26, 1998, pp. 16–31. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Trzepacz, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216; e-mail: ptrzepacz{at}psychiatry.umsmed.edu
In addition to diagnostic criteria, delirium research requires standardized instruments to measure symptoms. This article reviews the literature about the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS), the most widely used scale to assess delirium that has been translated into at least seven other languages. The DRS has 10 items and is clinician-rated, but 7- or 8-item subscale adaptations have been used for repeated measurements. It has high scale characteristics, including internal consistency, validity, specificity, sensitivity and interrater reliability. The DRS distinguishes delirious from demented, schizophrenic, and depressed patients and is more accurate than cognitive tests in identifying delirium. Scores are sensitive to treatment of delirium. Principal components analyses find one underlying dimension that can be subdivided into two or three components. The DRS has been used in studies of phenomenology, physiology, treatment, outcome, and at-risk populations. Tables summarize details from various studies. The DRS is used clinically and in research. It is currently being revised to enhance its use in phenomenologic and treatment research.
Key Words: Delirium • Diagnostic Tools • Delirium Rating Scale
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